Shreeve

In this section, many experts show their opinions about human variation or classification.

First, Norm Sauer, a forensic anthropologist states that "race" is one of the bases to support the reconstruction of a specific human identity, and its meaning possibly varies, depending on the different viewpoints, such as biological and cultural.

Second, Jonathan Marks says that "race" should not be cultural but biological, however, human beings think of it as a mixture of a cultural category and a biological one.

Third, Richard Lewontin, a geneticist notes that the differences of genetical attributes are not equal to the differences of races, but the ones of individuals.

Fourth, Vincent Sarich points out that there are no races but there are cultural markers or assumptions that divide humans into races, and also he adds that a certain distance between races created the pattern of human variation.

Fifth, Loring Brace, an anthropologist says that "human variation is the result of a seamless continuum of genetic change across space." In addition, he explains that the concept of race came into existence accidentally because of the invention of oceangoing transport in the Renaissance.

Sixth, Douglas Ubelaker comments that "race" is no longer biological because it has been used in so many different ways.

Seventh, Alice Bruce, a physical anthropologist emphasizes that there is something to divide humans into any groups, though that is not  "race."

Eighth, George Armelagos, an anthropologist states that anthropologists cannot help using racial categories because they are asked to by law enforcement agencies.

Ninth, Randall Tackett and his associates reported that humans possibly have a physiological mechanism, which could classify people. 

Tenth, Peter Smouse, a population geneticist says that it is true that there are genetic differences between groups of people, but the differences are trivial, compared with differences between humans and other speices.

Finally, in the past, most anthropologists accepted the concept that races were pure and distinct, and believed that interracial mixing could not decrease the purity of the racial ideals without questions.

In conclusion, the author Shreeve might stress that the meaning of  "race" could vary, depending on words, conditions, and criteria to make separation or division.