To be honest, my presentation was not so good because I could not manage the time appropriately. So I think timemanagement is the most difficult. Thus I want to be careful of the speed and quantity of speaking in order to manage the time. Also I want to have confidence in my presentation. By the way, I was satisfied with my slides because I think they are simple and clear to understand the contents.
I really think some of my sectionmates were very good at presentation, and I realize what they commonly had was confidence. Therefore, confidence is a really important facter of presentation, I think.
2011年10月31日月曜日
2011年10月17日月曜日
ARW Fall Term Essay rough draft
What should be done more or differently against racism in soccer?
In the final game of the World Cup 2006 in Germany, Zinedine Yazid Zidane, one of the French soccer players gave Marco Materazzi, one of the Italian players a butt with his head and then Zidane was sent off the field. Later, Zidane admitted that he suffered a harsh remark of Materazzi, which is said to be related to racism.
Soccer cannot make the world united, but rather soccer has the danger of making the world divided. This phrase is seemingly strange, but this does not necessarily miss the point. This is because there are a lot of racial problems in soccer now, and many soccer players have got damaged owing to them. Statistics On Football-related Arrests ＆ Banning Orders by Home Office illustrates that from 2002 to 2009 more than 300 people were arrested on charges of racist chanting in the stadia. However, these figures show only the arrests perceived generally. Moreover, this statistics was compiled only in England and Wales. This means that this statistics did not include the arrests in Spain, which is known as a racist and xenophobic country. According to Directorate-general Employment Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities by The European Commission, “The number of everyday situations in which foreigners face discrimination (in finding a place to live, for example) is rising” in Spain, that is to say, many problems related to racism have happened also in Spain. On the whole, a lot of racist incidents have existed not only in England, Wales and Spain but also all over the world.
Therefore, every soccer association including the international governing body of football, FIFA and Japan Football Association, should change their policies against racism in soccer more or differently. That is why there are two propositions to remove racism from soccer, 1) the regulation on eliminations of racism in soccer should be stricter, and 2) Children playing soccer should take the education of the abolition of racism.
In the first place, it is necessary to inquire into the causes of racism in soccer before looking for the solutions for eliminating racism. There are three causes of racism in soccer. The first cause is relating to psychology, that is, when hostilities of players and spectators towards the opponent gets higher, they are likely to violate the opponent by racism. According to one of the spectators, (Under construction). In other words, (Under construction). Moreover, based on psychology, when people’s frustrations get bigger people become more aggressive impulsively, and they tend to try to find a target, such as the black people or the yellow races for the white people, and attack it to dissolve their frustrations.（Evidences）Therefore, the racism results from their aggressive state of mind. Also the low educational level can cause the racism. Many soccer players all over the world grow up without a satisfactory education since they were children. Namely, there are a lot of soccer players who are not taught a moral education against racism. Moreover, not only soccer players but also lots of spectators at soccer games do not receive enough education against racism. （Evidences）On the contrary, there seems to be some countries that encourage it . For example, in Spain, （Evidences）Thus, when people’s sense of moral is missing, their resistance to be racist weakens. As a result, racism strengthens. The last cause is an inaccurate perception toward other people. Some people regard other races as inferior to them and they carry out racism just because of it. For example, （Example） Thus, regardless of state of mind or the educational level, an inaccurate perception can cause racism. To sum up, when people are mentally unstable, the sense of morals is lacking and they become judgmental about other races, racism happens.
In the second place, solutions should be discussed. In order to change the current situation that the racism still exists, the regulations on eliminations of racism in soccer should be stricter. Fortunately, the tendency to be against racism is increasing in the last 5 years. This is because FIFA has been taking racism seriously, and it implemented some regulations in 2006. For example,（Under construction）As Blatter, the president of FIFA says,~~~~~~~~, these regulations are making progress to some extent. In fact, according to the statistics by Home Office, the number of racist chanting at stadia had been decreasing in from X to X during 2002 to 2009. However, as mentioned above, this statistical data is a limited information and the issue of racism still remains strongly. Therefore, soccer associations including FIFA should apply the stricter penal regulations against racism. For instance, possible ways of regulations can be a raise in a penalty, a forfeit of qualification of the entry for cup competitions and winning points, relegation to the lower league, disapproval of the candidacy as a host country for the world cup.
These regulations are extremely serious for soccer clubs, because they can earn some money by taking part in cup competitions or by ranking higher at league competitions, and those money can be a big source for the management of the clubs. Moreover, the clubs can be damaged by limiting to the number of spectators or by getting rid of the privilege to invite opponents to home stadia and replacing them with the third stadium instead, because of the decrease in sales of tickets. As a result, racism would be weakened since the players and the supporters do not want a loss on their club. These regulations seem to be too severe, but actually the players who are racially violated are surrounded by severer circumstances.
As shown above, the stricter regulations can weaken racism forcibly. However, they cannot eliminate racism fundamentally because racism happens privately unless the racism remains in people’s minds. In fact, some measures have been taken against racism, for example, soccer players pledge not to be racists before some games. Nevertheless, they do not get dramatic results, as an illustration, though the players pledged not to be racists before the final game in the World Cup 2006 in Germany, one of the Italian players made a discriminatory remark towards the French player. Thus, every soccer associations should make children take the education against racism continuously. However, even if children take a lecture about racism with textbooks in a classroom, it is difficult for them to understand what on earth racism is. Thus, the concept of “the Green Circle Elementary School Antibias Education Program” by the National Conference of Community and Justice of Northern Delaware should be introduced into soccer. Thus, the National Conference of Community and Justice of Northern Delaware “the Green Circle Elementary School Antibias Education Program” This concept is that adults help children to
As a result, children can find out that the difference of races makes little difference.
Besides not only children playing soccer but also those who will be spectators can find it nonsense to discriminate racially by applying this concept to the education of kindergartens or elementary schools. Therefore, if children all over the world come to get rid of the incongruity of other races, and look up to each other since they are little, they will not be racists when they are adults ,and racism will weaken naturally.
In conclusion, racism in soccer happens because of people’s mental instability, a lack of the sense of morals, and inaccurate perception towards other races. Fortunately, the movement against it has been pervaded more and more these days, but many people are still suffering from it. From the very beginning soccer should be a tool of making an opportunity for various kinds of races to stand the same stage under the same condition. Therefore, all soccer associations should implement the stricter regulations on abolitions of racism, and educate children not to be racists.
2011年10月10日月曜日
Fall Term Essay Formal Outline
Fall Term Essay “Racism in soccer”
Outline
Research Question
What should be done more or differently against racism in soccer?
Thesis Statement
1) Every association including FIFA should create stricter regulations on elimination of racism in soccer.
2) Managers and teachers should make children take the education of the abolition of racism.
Ⅰ. Introduction
A. Soccer could make the world divided.
B. Racism in soccer existed in the past
C. Racism in soccer still exists in the present
Ⅱ. Causes of racism in soccer
A. The extremity of ethnocentrism or nationalism turns into racism.
B. The low educational level causes for racism.
C. Racism in soccer happens because of high anxiety and aggressive frustration.
D. Inaccurate perception of foreign people gives rise to racism.
Ⅲ. One solution: Every association including FIFA should create stricter regulations on elimination of racism in soccer.
Ⅳ. Another solution: Managers and teachers should make children take the education of the abolition of racism.
Ⅴ. Conclusion
2011年10月2日日曜日
Fall Term Essay Research
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| nowpublic.com |
1) Racism within soccer
2) These days, soccer has become popular and popular, and many people around the world play soccer. However, there are still a lot of incidents related to racism even in the world cup. In my opinion, soccer should be a tool to make the world united, but rather soccer could be a cause of a separation of the world…but what should be done to ban racism?
3) I like to play and watch soccer. I believe that soccer is supposed to unite the world, but I have seen some incidents related to racism within soccer, so I wonder what the causes are.
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| zimbio.com |
4) I want to know 1) the history of the racism within sports especially soccer, 2) the interrelation between racism and psychology, 3) the characteristics of soccer related to an excess of excitement, 4) the difference between racialism (nationalism) and racism and 5) the relation between racialism and racism.
5) “Race. Ethnicity and Football : Persisting Debates and Emergent Issues (Routledge Research in Sport. Culture and Society)”
Author : Daniel Burdsey
Year : 2011/4/28
‘Race’. Sport and British Society
Author : Benjamin Carrington, Ian Mcdonald
Year : 2001/6
Race, racism, and psychology : towards a reflexive history
Author : Graham Richards
Year : 1997
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| thisdaylive.com |
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